What is Osteoporosis?
Osteoporosis is a common bone disorder that is
caused by the progressive loss of bone mass and density, making bones more
vulnerable to fracture. During the childhood and adolescent years, the body
breaks the old bones, and new, stronger bones are rebuilt. At a later age, our body
breaks down bones faster than it is rebuilding new ones. This can
result in osteoporosis.
Who Are At Risk
Due to their reduced levels of oestrogen, the
hormone responsible in helping maintain bone mass, women reaching their
menopausal stage become at higher risk for osteoporosis. Not only women can be
affected by osteoporosis. Both men and women can be equally affected by secondary
osteoporosis. On the other hand, senile osteoporosis (primary type II) can
occur in one male for every two females. In general, the only difference is
that, bone loss in males happens much later and at a slower pace than in women.
Preventing
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis may seem
to be an unavoidable circumstance as our bodies age, but there are preventive
measures that can reduce bone loss and the possibilities of fractures.
Calcium is an important mineral for bone strength. Most of the calcium in the body is stored in the bones and teeth, which in turn help people
avoid fractures and the weakening of bones. Sufficient calcium in the body also
prevents tooth loss in older people.
Dietary sources of calcium include milk, cheese,
yoghurt, whole almonds, tofu made with calcium sulphate as coagulant, soy milk,
and dark, leafy green vegetables. Adequate consumption of calcium should begin
at childhood, in order to have higher bone mass when reaching adulthood. This
also helps in avoiding fractures as a person ages.
For premenopausal women and men 1000 mg of calcium a day is recommended, and
postmenopausal women should take 1200 mg. The total daily calcium intake
includes both dietary intake and calcium supplements.
- Sufficient Intake of Vitamin D
Vitamin D is essential in order for the body
to properly absorb calcium. This is why many calcium supplements have vitamin
D. The amount of vitamin D that the body needs mainly depends on age.
The primary source
of vitamin D is exposure to sunlight, although a number of foods –
fish liver oils, fatty fish, whole egg, and cooked beef liver – also contain
vitamin D. Vitamin D from dietary sources is usually not enough, so taking
vitamin D supplements may be a necessary option to ensure calcium absorption
and prevent bone fractures.
Too much alcohol can increase the risk of bone
fracture because of poor nutrition and increased possibility of falling. Limit
your intake to not more than two drinks a day, or avoid alcohol all together.
Smoking has been found to increase the rate of
bone loss, and can have a significant impact on the reduction of bone density
of women undergoing menopause. Quitting the cigarettes as early as possible can
help avoid osteoporosis.
Regular exercise, approximately for at least
30 minutes three times a week, can improve bone strength and density in
premenopausal women and maintain bone mass in postmenopausal women. Exercise
can also improve muscle strength and reduce the risk of falling that can lead
to bone fracture.
Osteoporotic fractures can occur when a person
trips, slips and falls. Being extra careful and taking precautionary measures
when moving around an area, as well as clearing up clutters and providing
enough lighting may help avoid falls.
Some medications such as heparin, glucocorticoid
and antiepileptic drugs may increase bone loss overtime. If you are taking any
of these medications, check with your physician if it is possible to decrease
or discontinue your intake.
Medication for Osteoporosis
For some cases, drug therapy and medication
for osteoporosis maybe necessary. This is especially true for postmenopausal
women who have had fractures, and other individuals who are at higher risk for
osteoporosis. These medications include bisphosphonates, risedronate,
ibandronate, alendronate, zoledronic acid, calcitonin, and oestrogen-progestin
therapy. Before taking any medication, consult your physician.